Stylistics, Literary Criticism and Practical Criticism have certain things in common. Professor Niyi Osundare has it that one finger can never retrieve a fallen needle; one broomstick can never sweep the marketplace; one muscle can never make a fist; one tree can never make a forest. Ndimele (2001:15) defines stylistics as a branch of linguistics which studies the application of linguistics to the study of literature. The discipline has originated the popular dualist approach to style based on the dichotomy between form and content. intonation, the foot which carries the [PEmnwB,:.}18ajgP9%N;4"'.a5 r nTbxkvr=H\z9{r9? 2.1.16 Devices of Linguistic Deviation This research employed stylistics as the tool to analyze the poems. A Linguistic-Stylistic Analysis of Newspaper Reportage . A branch of rhetoric in ancient Greece, eloctio was specially related to the relation between form (vorba) and content (res) and the characteristic features of literary language. This assertion aligns with the view of Nkopuruk and Odusina (2019). This module will expose you to those things that should be considered in doing a stylistic analysis at the phono-graphological level of language description. Deviation may occur at any level of language description. Graphology is a stylistic instrument which makes Ushie's writing peculiarity, an illustrating example of style as deviation from the actual linguistic norm. In turn, because of the role of English in the world and the status of World Englishes, there has been a growing awareness of the need for highly profiled environments in which English is taught as a Foreign Language (EFL), for example. Reflections on the authors intentions, textuality, measurements of responses of readers as well as discussions about literary texts to be included in the canon formation influence approaches to the way literature is taught and the view that in learning a foreign language its literature should be read. of his language to give expression to his Definition. Quantity of syllable (short, long) In the same vein, it is referred to as a level of linguistic analysis which focuses on the layout of texts, the size or shape of words and any other feature that is graphical or orthographical (Yeibo and Akerele 2014). This was before Lennards proposal emerged. The present model is occasioned by the need to accommodate the invading trends of graphology and to stand in the gap created by Levenstons and Lennards. Special acknowledgement goes to the Almighty God, the author and finisher of faith, the alpha and omega, for His sustenance and benevolence. Although both scholars cover the concept of graphology to a considerable extent, Lennard is devoted to composition and punctuation. He has to his credit, six poetry collections and other literary publications. Your email address will not be published. This is why it is often regarded as a prostitute according to (Jeffries and McIntyre, 2010). Introduction to Stylistics is a language and style course that will help the students in exploring (primarily literary) texts. This statement presupposes that Jane wrote fiction It was found to be in conformity with the critical thought of the time. However, Lennards (2005) proposal differs from that Levenstons (1992) in its aim and scope. It has been chosen to parallel phonology, and the term includes orthography, punctuation, and anything else that is concerned with showing how a language uses its graphic resources to carry its grammatical and lexical patterns (Halliday et al. This can be seen in two ways. 2.1.10 Punctuation Here, the syntactic functions of different parts of speech will be analysed. Keywords: Stylistic analysis, graphological, phonological, morphological, lexico-syntactic patterns 1. individual point of views. This move however, has given rise to many other linguists like Vachek (1973) Sampson (1985), Coulmas (1991, 1999), Harris (1995) and Eva (2015) who also have researched about the concept of graphology with focus on the properties of alphabets and their historical evolution. 7.1 Conceptual Definition of Terms, Chapter Two: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE <>/ExtGState<>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 595.32 842.04] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S>> The importance of graphology in a text is to capture the eye of the reader. This short video discusses one of the important concepts of stylistics, i.e., Levels of analysis. E.g. 9 is given the fact that stylistics relies on tangible linguistic evidence to unfold the writers 10 meaning or the communicative purposes of an author. However, this research focuses on written forms. Meanings are judged through also a branch of semantics which allow Whilst the proposals by McIntosh (1961) and Halliday et al. It was an instrument, a special kind of a stick, also called reed which was used to write. amount of vocabulary stream Browse other questions tagged, Start here for a quick overview of the site, Detailed answers to any questions you might have, Discuss the workings and policies of this site. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? Rhyme scheme Eg. Many traditional verse forms prescribe a specific verse metre, or a certain set of metres alternating in a particular order. It is the study of handwriting (especially as an indicator of the writer's character or disposition). Such a process is valuable, for example, in the contemporary creative writing classroom. Required fields are marked *. Any such study that leans heavily on external correlates with none or just a smattering of attention to the rules guiding the operation of the language can be regarded as literary stylistics. iTOoW@DpN/lY{f?Q|+ tvM]9!O+MKpzNww V07LjSqTfUFLTe1&` 4.1 Significance of the Study The data comprises extracts of speech isolated for analysis at the level of phonology and graphology. Joe Ushie, a prolific poet has to his credit, six poetry collections and other literary publications. Tatengkengs Kuncup are good example for. 2.3.5 Syntactic Level . The first is the analysis of a literary text via a linguistic means. Discourse Analysis Presented To Miss Rabia, Copy Of Discourse Analysis Presented To Miss Rabia, Nuevo presentacin de microsoft power point, readingandwritingskills-171211141506.pptx, THE ENCHANTED EEL OF CAGUBATAN, TADIAN.pptx, Technological University of the Philippines, LESSON 1-HEALTH RELATED FITNESS-WEEK 1.pptx, bias-and-prejudice1-221121003535-0ece477d.pptx, LESSON 1-TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT IN BAKING.pptx, JULIUS PAULO Examples The irregular right-hand margin of poems, the strange use of parenthesis and the discarding of capital letters as used by E. E. Cummings, Christopher Okigbo, Wole Soyinka and others, fall under this division. Modality-comprise of specific features that are chosen deliberately to produce an overall conversionalised format of language (a report, letter, speech. For Samuel Wesley, it is a dress of thought. The primary focus here is foregrounding. For her, graphology or graphemics is the study of graphemes and any other element related to the written medium, and of the linguistic system that is manifested through these: The study of such units [graphemes] in a language is called graphemics or graphology. The position, nature and quantity of the and about what is done, what is going to be The data comprises extracts of speech isolated for analysis at the level of phonology and graphology. 2.1.4.1 Linguistic Stylistics A style is a certain manner, approach or way in which something is said, . (Wikipedia) while Graphological Deviation: is the deviation in which poets disregard the rules of writing. However, although stylistics draws its raw materials from literary works, it does not undervalue the importance of stylistics in non-literary texts. writer's style, for example capitalization, In analyzing a text, the business of a stylistician is to look at many features of the text. General Manager at Sweetbites Manufacturing. Read more about our Privacy and Cookie Policy. All it claims is just that the process of arriving at the intuition must be made explicit and be backed up with the necessary tangible linguistic evidence. The definitions of style do not only point to the instrument used by the writer but by extension, to the characteristics of the writing itself in terms of the formal property of the text and how the writer communicates meaning. 2.1.6 Linguistic Levels of Stylistic Analysis which is the smallest phonological This level is concerned with how sound devices function in achieving stylistic significance in texts. group which carries contrasts of 2.1.4.3 Literary Linguistic Stylistics (3) Graphology: Graphology is a linguistic level of text analysis that focuses on language in print. Stylistic features like graphology, syntax, lexis and semantics are looked into. The other includes the role of stylistics in L1 and L2 pedagogies, that is, the teaching and learning of (English) language through literature. As far as a literary text is concerned, two evidences, internal and external evidence, can help us to come to an appropriate interpretation of a text. There are numerous types of stylistic devices available, each with a distinct goal: to add interest, clarity, and visual appeal to a text. It only takes a minute to sign up. 2. Contact us for publishing. 2.1.14 Fonting of individual words and idioms in But in recent times, the focus has gradually shifted from the authors theme to how meanings and effects are communicated in literary or non-literary texts. The poetry of Joe Ushie however, is characterized by these features and these inform the desire of this study. Graphological Level, Lexical Level, Grammatical Level, Semantic Level / Discourse Level, Pragmatic Level. Levenston in his proposal above aligns his thoughts with Firths (1957) model of linguistic description, stressing the significance of graphology like that of other linguistic levels such as phonology, semantics, grammar or lexis for the study of literary texts. These features are used frequently in poetry and provide auxiliary meaning, thought and feelings to the genre of poetry. The result of the study revealed that 2 STYLISTIC FEATURES 2.1 GRAPHOLOGICAL LEVEL In religious language foregrounding of the style as well as of theme is frequently found. To them, Objectivity posits that, such observations and analyses made by a critic should always be backed with tangible linguistic evidence away from intuitive response. 4.3.4 Eclipse in Rwanda (1998) (2015:128) study by mentioning five levels in stylistics such as phonetic level, phonological level, graphological level, grammatical level, and lexical level. Analysis in stylistics therefore involves a range of general language qualities, which include sentence patterns, structure and variety, paragraph structure, imagery, repetition, emphasis, arrangement of ideas and other cohesive devices. The sentence structure must arouse the potential consumers' interest or desire to purchase. Although this definition appears in fourth position, there is however, a third possibility when defining graphology which consists of giving prominence to its linguistic value. Other graphological features include: the unusual but symbolic spacing, the italicizing of certain words and passages to denote a different context, the frequency of some punctuation marks and their prosodic and semiotic effects are the other possible graphological features of poetry. 2.1.6.2 Syntactic/Grammatical Level writing: contracted forms, commas, Generating points along line with specifying the origin of point generation in QGIS. 2.1.13 Pictography (graphical elements) Spatial deixis: They are used to point location. Graphology, unlike other linguistic genres such as syntax, phonetics or morphology, is a controversial concept whose meaning tends to be blurred. How to force Unity Editor/TestRunner to run at full speed when in background? and what was in the past. Within stylistics, the original motivation for the work was to examine how stylistic features in fiction can apparently be used to highlight key plot and thematic moments (Emmott, "Reading for Pleasure" and "Responding to Style"), guiding the interpretation of readers at these points. -Word classes or parts of speech There are various morphological processes. 1 0 obj 2.3 Features of Linguistic Stylistics. In order to highlight the semiotic potential of type-face, (Van Leeuwen & Jewitt, 2001) have delved into the creation of meaning through certain graphological elements such as typography, print layout as well as colour. The principal aim of the paper of the paper is to identify and analyse linguistic features used in the play. to bear on the work. ,l5#7:l5k>e; This 11 paper however, examined objectivity in Maya Angelous Still I Rise. capitalization and punctuation. References 1). The description of formal patterns can help in objectifying stylistic analysis as well as enabling the critic or readers to discipline their intuitive responses to text. Linguistic style also deals with the prescriptive grammar associated with the . It is basically concerned with the understanding of technique or the craft of writing. In the area of stylistics, graphological knowledge is central to the understanding and better appreciation of a literary text. This level of analysis involves both syntax and morphology. When we concentrate in May Gods blessings abound.always counting on you too, for higher heights. Text Analysis in Stylistics. They write the words in such a way without any boundaries in lines, space, or rhymes. As a matter of fact, scholars of stylistics have scarcely given this poet a deserving attention. In this instance, certain words are foregrounded or brought to the fore to give them prominence through the use of such punctuation marks Style is comparing a set of gestures with another in terms of deviation from the norm for instance, semantic rule and phonological rule. 3. Pick a pair of samples and try to identify the similarities and differences in the stylistic features (lexical, grammatical, semantic levels) of the two samples . GRAPHOLOGY It is the study of hand writing. All these devices have stylistic effects. CHAPTER THREE: DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS. Graphology is a linguistic level of analysis that comprises the study of graphic aspects of language1. Different Levels of Stylistics Analysis 1.Phonological level 2.Graphologic What is Style and Stylistics? Introduction 2.4 Review of Related Literature. figure 1.2, or table 1.1 . How to subdivide triangles into four triangles with Geometry Nodes? iii. advertisement, examining graphological, lexical, syntactic, grammatical and semantic style markers. person, events. This is. It describes patterns of writing that distinguish the writer's style, for example capitalization, punctuation, spacing and so on. INTRODUCTION 2.1.9 Present study categorization of graphological devices Graphology is the study of language in print; a stylistic instrument which makes Ushies writing peculiarity an illustrating example of style as deviation from the actual linguistic norm. Onomatopoeic, PRAGMATIC FEATURES According to (Short, 2000), the principle of deviation occurs by employing abnormal forms of language and breaking up the reader's routine behavior; by this, unremarkable views and perspectives are replaced with new and unexpected insights and sensations. This confusion with vague meaning may be due to its double filiation, i.e graphology as it concerns the study of writing systems, and as it also concerns character analysis based on handwriting. 2.3.2 Theory of Multimodality Alabi made examples of lower case letters, bold print, CAPITALIZATION, italics, underlining as cases of foregrounding. The central question in stylistics is how a text means and language undoubtedly remains the central medium through which a writers style is revealed. 2.4.1 Graphological Deviation Graphological deviation is placed in the bottom strata on the levels of stylistics nowadays. 4. Again, although there are arising researches in the area of stylistics, none of these has dwelt on a linguistic stylistic study of Joe Ushies poetry. Analysing a text stylistically is unlike doing a 'literary' analysis as it needs to be much more objective and rooted in fact. items and use of words in a piece of Degree in English. levels of stylistics that concerns textual presentation. The term graphology is derived from the Greek words for "writing" and "study." In linguistics, the term graphology is sometimes used as a synonym for graphemics, the . -Unfamiliar expressions The most distinct graphological feature in poetry is the linear arrangement of the poem in contrast to paragraphing in the case of prose. 3.2 Population of the Study study of sound system of a It can refer to the study of proper use of words or language in proper places. PHONOLOGY It is the study of sound system of a language and also describes formal rules of pronunciation. x=iCrg/;O{fgaw{}ARW*T5#:Z$@"7/|A/B,Z_Pra[=|6[c|h_\D,~x_xFnl\]hn1d!nCoVB,WfY~5,]VryZWzXr F(071w GGo hl5?@f94viuDfn9S Introduction to Stylistics The Nature and Goals of Stylistics 11 Course Module 1. The Costume Institute describes the spring 2023 exhibition as an exploration of "the work of Karl Lagerfeld. text. In systemic functional linguistics, foregrounding refers to a prominent portion of text that contributes meaning, contrasted with the background, which provides relevant context for the . endobj For a systematic analysis, these linguistic features are clustered into phonological, graphological, lexical, grammatical and semantic levels of analysis. They include: linguistic stylistics; literary stylistics and literary linguistic stylistics. To every other person, whose names escaped my linguistic description on this space, I am grateful equally, for the character you played towards the success of this academic research. There is a point of convergence between style and meaning. In spite of such common factor existing between linguistic stylistics and literary criticism, one finds that there lies a difference in their modus operandi, and consequently a difference in their evaluations. study of invisible Repetition: a device that repeats the same words or 1.1 Background to the Study In other words, graphology is to written language what phonology is to spoken language. As a matter of fact, scholars of stylistics have scarcely given this poet a deserving attention. Again, students whose interests are narrowed into the field of literary stylistics need an articulated and current work in the field to update their knowledge. The Quotations have: Paragraph, orthographic This term was first brought into use in linguistic studies in the sixties by McIntosh (1961), who considered it an analogous mode to that of phonology. is more dependent upon the readers ability More remarkably, none of Ushies collections has been studied at the level of dissertation, yet, Ushie is a renowned poet whose beautifully complex sentence types and structures, intelligent lexical and graphological foregrounding cannot be overemphasis. Business Aircraft Operators Association Website. But these definitions appear too eclectic. Grammatical level includes grammar, parts of The graphological style of the author is featured Poetry, the main focus of this paper, is marked Language and Stylistics: The reason why language is so important to stylisticians is because the various forms, patterns and levels that constitute linguistic structure are an important index of the function of the text. 2.1.2 Stylistics and its central concerns example as a way of learning more Tatengkeng's 'Kuncup' are good example for this. understood without the knowledge of context and punctuation, spacing and so on. 2.1.6.1 Lexical Level Pedagogical stylistics is intrinsically linked with the teaching of the linguistic features of written texts as a means of enhancing students understanding of literature and language. Graphological form, such as spelling, Stylistic Analysis: Graphological level Grammatical level Syntactic level Lexical level Phonological level Semantic level Graphological Level It refers to the whole writing system: punctuation and paragraphing as well as spacing ( Leech 1969,p.69). Factors of individuality-handwriting, lexical levels-words that one is fond of using. The concept of style as deviation is informed by the notion that certain rules and conventions exist in the study of language and a conscious departure from these common practices for the purpose of aesthetics and meaning delivery constitutes the background for the understanding of the term: deviation. How graphological deviation may affect an authors meaning and produce aesthetic effects has been the major focus of scholars within the stylistics jurisdiction in recent times. Secondly, it will boost their practical knowledge, whereby students are able to analyze texts with the tool they have acquired at the first stage. 8 Burn Road #13-14 Trivex For others the former would only be appropriate for advanced learners. The study adopted Foregrounding and Multimodality as theoretical frameworks to the stylistic interpretations of the poetry of this author. language. It will follow these steps: firstly, students will acquire the knowledge that leads them to comprehend the basic grammatical and rhetoric concepts. 7. Moreover, the role of quantification depends on how necessary it is to prove ones point intuition has a respectable place both in linguistics and criticism. As a result of this, Levenston (1992) further solicits more attention for graphological elements and though his book is of less theoretical density (Eva, 2015), it became vital since it appeared the only comprehensive approach to the role of graphology in literature. Prosodic features of stress, length of In analyzing a text, the business of a stylistician is to look at many features of the text. Different registers make particular use of such graphological features as: size of print and capitalization in newspaper and advertising lay-outs; different typefaces and sizes in dictionaries such as this one; special lines in poetry, etc. A lexical study of style involves the identification of the constituents/features of a word in a sentence. This author belongs the generation of Nigerian poets often referred to as Contemporary poets. Finally, students whose interests are narrowed into the field of linguistic stylistics need an articulate and current work in the field to update their knowledge. However, the specific purpose of the study includes: 1) To identify the patterns of graphology found in Ushies poetry? 3. patterns, utterance of different words It is the For These are regular features of his poem. It is assists in cultivating a sense of appropriate language use, Sharpens our understanding and appreciation of literary works, Helps us achieve adaptation during translation, Helps one in giving a fair judgment in a piece of work, Any bit of speech or writing that you can single out from a particular piece of writing, Graphetic contains features that help to foreground a text eg (italics, underlining, bolding, irregular spelling, capitalization, font size), Phonetic features comprises of spoken languages e.g voice quality, In graphologial level of you consider features like punctuations, spellings, spacing of words, In phonological you consider repetition of sounds, intonation, stress, rhythm and rhyme. K:\!f&gsq\M| 2 8 Love These are discussed under the following captions Graphological Features The present study presents a modification arising from the previously proposed models in the study of graphological elements, the example of Lennards (2005) and Levenstons (1992). In this sense, the Oxford English Dictionary (2013) elaborately defines the linguistic side of graphology as the study of written and printed symbols and of writing systems. of Department of English, University of Uyo, Ekemini Essien of Federal University of Science and Technology, Akure and Dan, Abasiono Godwin of Department of English, University of Ibadan; relatives: Mfiokma Nelson, Uncle Flow, Ukpeme John et alia and my students on whose shoulders I stood while the research lasted. 6. study of, meanings in a figure 1.2, or table 1.1 - It also uses chemical symbols, formulae, like H 2 O, H 2 SO 4, A STYLISTIC ANALYSIS OF THE SYNTACTIC FEATURES AND COHESIVE DEVICES IN THE COLUMNISTS USE OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE IN NIGERIAN NEWSPAPERS ABSTRACT The study was a stylistic analysis of the syntactic features and cohesive devices in the columnists use of language in Nigerian Newspapers. In summary, Stylistics is concerned with the writers deployment of the formal properties of a text and how readers interact with the language of (literary and non-literary) texts in order to explain how we understand, and are affected by texts when we read them. It was mainly developed in UK stylistics, and generally applied to the description and study of poetry and literary texts, although this was not always the case (Crystal and Davy 1969). All intellectual property rights, including copyright in this publication, except for those attributed to named sources, are owned by the author(s) of . Improving the copy in the close modal and post notices - 2023 edition, New blog post from our CEO Prashanth: Community is the future of AI. - This research is helpful in understanding the basic concepts, literal and hidden meanings of the poem. Stylistic features like graphology, syntax, lexis and semantics are looked into. Lastly, the study will serve as a guide and resource material to scholars and learners who may wish to carry out research in the area of stylistics as findings generated from the study will be of great benefit for further enquires. in Asher and Simpson 4378). 2.2.1 Joe Ushie as an African Poet and his Thematic Concerns 3.5 Validation of the Instrument organized in units (tone Stylistics as a branch of literary criticism emerged in continental Europe in the early twentieth century. meaning within the text. Such levels, Crystal and Davy (1969); Turner (1973); Leech and Short (1981); among other recent scholars such as Alabi (2008); Wales (2011); Khan and Jabeen (2015) observe as being indispensable tools in analyzing a text whether spoken or written. In view of these controversies surrounding the concept of graphology, this section of the study provides an in-depth insight into the linguistic nature of this term as well as explaining how the concept has evolved from once being simply analogous to phonology, to later becoming a complete and independent principle comprising many different elements. The Oxford English Dictionary has recorded as many as twenty-eight different entries under the term style. sibilants, emphatic ) Analysis in stylistics, therefore involves a range of general language qualities, which include diction, sentence patterns, structure and variety, paragraph structure, imagery, repetition, emphasis, arrangement of ideas and other cohesive devices. Leech and Short (2007:11) see it as the linguistic study of style or the study of language as used in literary texts, with the aim of relating it to its artistic functions (13). For instance: phonological, syntactic, graphological, lexico-semantic etc. to understand the things than his dictionary knowledge 1964: 50). However, this shift in focus gave rise to stylistics being a linguistic field of its own away from the former literary criticism. Assonance For a systematic analysis, these linguistic features are clustered into phonological, graphological, lexical, grammatical and semantic levels of analysis. On the other, it may bring to light, significant features of style which would otherwise have been overloaded, and so lead to further insights; but only in a limited sense does it provide an objective measurement of style. This non-linguistic meaning is further complicated by the uneven treatment that graphology has received from previous researchers. 2.1.6.4 Phonological Level different linguistics contexts. This, as a matter of fact makes it rather difficult sometimes to draw a clear line between literary stylistics and linguistic stylistics. Status affects lexical and grammatical level. These levels include: Lexis, syntax, morphology, graphology, phonology etc.
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